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Common Acronyms. General Accounting Office now the U. Government Accountability Office -- U. Government Accountability Office previously the U. Department of Veterans Affairs previously the U. Veterans Administration -- U. Malignant hypertension is a dangerous form of very high blood pressure. Symptoms may include:.
Diagnosing high blood pressure early can help prevent heart disease, stroke, eye problems, and chronic kidney disease. Your provider will measure your blood pressure many times before diagnosing you with high blood pressure. It is normal for your blood pressure to be different based on the time of day.
All adults over the age of 18 should have their blood pressure checked every year. More frequent measurements may be needed for those with a history of high blood pressure readings or those with risk factors for high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings taken at home may be a better measure of your current blood pressure than those taken at your provider's office. Your provider will do a physical exam to look for signs of heart disease, damage to the eyes, and other changes in your body.
The goal of treatment is to reduce your blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of health problems caused by high blood pressure.
You and your provider should set a blood pressure goal for you. Whenever thinking about the best treatment for high blood pressure, you and your provider must consider other factors such as:. When thinking about the best treatment, you and your provider must consider:.
Your provider will most likely start you on medicines and recommend lifestyle changes. Before making a final diagnosis of either elevated blood pressure or high blood pressure, your provider should ask you to have your blood pressure measured at home, at your pharmacy, or somewhere else besides their office or a hospital. You can also get a referral to a dietitian, who can help you plan a diet that is healthy for you. How low your blood pressure should be and at what level you need to start treatment is individualized, based on your age and any medical problems you have.
Most of the time, your provider will try lifestyle changes first, and check your blood pressure two or more times. Medicines will likely be started if your blood pressure readings remain at or above these levels:. If you have diabetes, heart problems, or a history of a stroke, medicines may be started at lower blood pressure reading.
There are many different medicines to treat high blood pressure. Even if you have not been diagnosed with high blood pressure, it is important to have your blood pressure checked during your regular check-up, especially if someone in your family has or had high blood pressure.
Contact your provider right away if home monitoring shows that your blood pressure is still high. Most people can prevent high blood pressure from occurring by following lifestyle changes designed to bring blood pressure down.
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. PMID: pubmed. Systemic hypertension: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens Greenwich.
PMID: Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Updated by: Thomas S. Editorial team. High blood pressure in adults - hypertension. If the top blood pressure number is between and mm Hg, and the bottom blood pressure number is less than 80 mm Hg, it is called elevated blood pressure.
Many factors can affect blood pressure, including: The amount of water and salt you have in your body The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels Your hormone levels You are more likely to be told your blood pressure is too high as you get older.
You have a higher risk of high blood pressure if you: Are African American Are obese Are often stressed or anxious Drink too much alcohol more than 1 drink per day for women and more than 2 drinks per day for men Eat too much salt Have a family history of high blood pressure Have diabetes Smoke Most of the time, no cause of high blood pressure is found.
Secondary hypertension may be due to: Chronic kidney disease Disorders of the adrenal gland such as pheochromocytoma or Cushing syndrome Hyperparathyroidism Pregnancy or preeclampsia Medicines such as birth control pills, diet pills, some cold medicines, migraine medicines, corticosteroids, some antipsychotics, and certain medicines used to treat cancer Narrowed artery that supplies blood to the kidney renal artery stenosis Obstructive sleep apnea OSA.
Exams and Tests. Make sure you get a good quality, well-fitting home blood pressure monitor. It should have a properly sized cuff and a digital readout. Practice with your provider to make sure you are taking your blood pressure correctly. You should be relaxed and seated for several minutes prior to taking a reading. Bring your home monitor to your appointments so your provider can make sure it is working correctly. Tests may also be done to look for: High cholesterol level Heart disease, using tests such as an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram Kidney disease, using tests such as a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or ultrasound of the kidneys.
Your provider will recommend lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure down to a normal range.
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